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July Column
The July Column (French: ''Colonne de Juillet'') is a monumental column in Paris commemorating the Revolution of 1830. It stands in the center of the Place de la Bastille and celebrates the ''Trois Glorieuses'' — the "three glorious" days of 27–29 July 1830 that saw the fall of King Charles X of France and the commencement of the "July Monarchy" of Louis-Philippe, King of the French. It was built between 1835 and 1840.
==History==
A first project for a commemorative column, one that would commemorate the Fall of the Bastille, had been envisaged in 1792, and a foundation stone was laid, 14 July 1792; but the project never got further than that. The circular basin in which its socle stands was realised during the Empire as part of the Elephant of the Bastille, a fountain with an elephant in its centre. The elephant was completed to designs by Percier and Fontaine in semi-permanent stucco, but the permanent bronze sculpture was never commissioned due to pinched finances in the latter days of the Empire. Its low base has been retained to support the socle of the column.
The monument, in an elaboration of a Corinthian column, was designed by the architect Jean-Antoine Alavoine, following a commission from Louis-Philippe: the Place de la Bastille was officially selected as the site on 9 March 1831, and the Citizen-King placed a first stone on 28 July 1831, the anniversary of the revolution that brought him to power; a hymn with words by Victor Hugo and music by Ferdinand Hérold was sung at the Panthéon on the occasion. The ''Colonne de Juillet'' was constructed by Alavoine's partner in the project, Joseph-Louis Duc. It was inaugurated 28 July 1840.〔Baedeker, ''Paris and Its Environs'' 1874:61f.〕 Music composed for the occasion was Hector Berlioz' ''Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale'', which was performed in the open air under the direction of Berlioz himself, leading the procession of musicians which ended at the Place de la Bastille.〔Berlioz, ''Memoirs'' chapter 50, noted by (The Hector Berlioz website ).〕 Jean-Pierre Montagny issued commemorative medals on the occasion.〔(Jean-Pierre Montagny )〕
In the foundation, a columbarium was arranged to receive the remains of 615 victims of the July Revolution. A further 200 victims of the Revolution of 1848 were later interred in the space; the throne of Louis-Philippe was symbolically burned in the square, in July 1848.
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